![]() ![]() The question for students of contentious politics and international relations is whether the resulting gap ( a) is cyclical and will thus be filled by states' oft-proven capacity for adjustment and renewal ( b) is being filled by forms of nonterritorial institutional governance ( c) is providing space for social movements and other nongovernmental forms of collective action to thrust into political space formerly occupied by institutions or ( d) some combination of the three.Īlthough some scholars have predicted greater power for new agencies of international governance ( Young 1997), many others see the new world of transnational politics in more contentious, social-movement terms ( Guidry et al 2001). But in our era…at least in Europe, the era of strong states is now ending.” Tilly happily admits that his declaration is informed by a “series of speculations, conjectures, and hypotheses.” But let us, at least for the moment, assume that his instinct is right-that the strong, consolidated, Westphalian state really is in decline. “For two exceptional centuries,” declares Tilly ( 1994:3), “European states and their extensions elsewhere succeeded remarkably in circumscribing and controlling the resources within their perimeters…. If transnational social movements form, it will be through a second-stage process of domestication of international conflict. Rather than being the antipodes of transnational contention, international institutions offer resources, opportunities, and incentives for the formation of actors in transnational politics. These latter forms may be encouraged both by states and international institutions and by the growth of a cosmopolitan class of transnational activists. This paper argues that mass-based transnational social movements are hard to construct, are difficult to maintain, and have very different relations to states and international institutions than more routinized international NGOs or activist networks. In particular, few mechanisms are proposed to link domestic actors to transnational ones and to states and international institutions. In addition, they have so far failed to distinguish among movements, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and transnational networks and do not adequately specify their relations with states and international institutions. This is a refreshing trend, but most of them leap directly from globalization or some other such process to transnational social movements and thence to a global civil society. It isn't know if anyone of Harry's victims replied with the equally well-known comic reply "Take my life, I'm savings for my holidays'.Recent scholars have broadened the study of transnational relations, once limited to political economy, to include contentious international politics. Trouble and strife was clearly being used as a synonym for life. The 'bees' was CRS for money - 'bees and honey'. Marshall changed this for comic effect and in doing so co-opted two Cockney Rhyming Slangs. He would have used the famous highwayman's proclamation "Your money or your life". Highwayman Harry was 'Black Harry' a notorious robber who worked the routes across Derbyshire in the early 18th century. The writer A R Marshall, known as 'the poet of the Pink Un' used the pen name Doss Chiderdoss. The Sporting Times was an English newspaper devoted to horse racing and, printed on salmon pink paper, was known as The Pink Un. That little line is something of a historical record in itself and merits some deciphering. I shouted, 'Your "bees", or your "trouble and strife!' Like the hero in 'Highwayman Harry'. That's found in in the 'Doss Chiderdoss' column in the Sporting Times, 1908: It's also a little surprising that the earliest known use of trouble-and-strife in print meant 'life' rather than 'wife'. It's rather ironic that, for a community who claim close bonds of kinship and that nothing is more important to them than 'faimlee', Cockneys chose a familial insult as one of the best-known rhyming slangs. It probably won't come as a surprise that 'trouble-and-strife' originated as Cockney rhyming slang. What's the origin of the phrase 'Trouble and strife'? These Pearly King and Queen cockneys look fairlyĬontent with their partners. 'Trouble and strife' is an English slang term for wife. Family What's the meaning of the phrase 'Trouble and strife'?.
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